Posted: 15 November 2011
PARIS: Stem cells from heart-attack patients helped improve blood-pumping ability and restore vitality in cardiac muscle, according to a small trial published on Monday.
It is the first time patients have been given an infusion of their own
cardiac stem cells in the aim of solving the impact of heart failure rather than simply treating the symptoms of it.
The findings are so promising that the study's chief investigator said a potential "revolution" was in the offing if larger trials succeeded.
Stem cells are infant cells that develop into the specialised tissues of the body.
They have sparked great excitement as they offer hopes of rebuilding organs damaged by disease or accident.
The new study, published online in The Lancet, tested cardiac stem cells on 16 patients who had been left gravely ill as a result of an acute myocardial infarction.
The index used for cardiac health is called the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVFV), which calculates the capacity of the left ventricle to expel blood in the space of a heartbeat.
For a person in normal health, the LVFV is 50 percent or higher.
Among the study patients, though, this had fallen to 40 percent or lower. At such a threshold, shortness of breath and fatigue are chronic and often disabling.
The stem cells were isolated from a coronary artery that had been removed when the patients underwent a coronary bypass.
Within four months of treatment, the LVFV rose by 8.5 percent and after a year by 12 percent - four times what the researchers had expected.
Scans of the patients' hearts also showed a reduction in the area of tissue that had been scarred by the infarction, a discovery that challenges conventional belief that once scarring occurs, heart tissue is permanently dead.
The volunteers also reported a substantial improvement in quality of life, and there were no significant side effects.
Seven patients with similar heart problems were enrolled as "controls", to serve as a comparison. There was no change in their LVFV, in scar tissue or in their quality of life.
"The results are striking," said lead investigator Roberto Bolli of the University of Louisville, Kentucky.
"While we do not know why the improvement occurs, we have no doubt now that 1/8LVFV 3/8 increased and scarring decreased.
"If these results hold up in future studies, I believe this could be the biggest revolution in cardiovascular medicine in my lifetime."
The team is seeking funding to launch a larger, or Phase II, trial - the second in the normal three-phase process of assessing a new treatment for safet and effectiveness.
Previous stem-cell work on heart damage has used cells harvested from bone marrow.
The interest in cardiac stem cells is that they are self-renewing, produce daughter cells and differentiate into all types of cells in the heart.
The results were presented concurrently at a meeting of the American Heart Association in Orlando, Florida.
-AFP/pn
Taken from ChannelNewsAsia.com; source article is below:
Broken heart fix with stem cells
Now, this IS something!
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Posted: 20 May 2011
PARIS - In a world first, neurosurgeons in the US said on Friday electrodes implanted in the lower spine had enabled a paraplegic man to stand up unaided, move his legs voluntarily and, with help, walk on a treadmill.
The therapy marks an exciting advance in the quest to overcome crippling injuries of the spinal cord, they said.
"This is a breakthrough," said Susan Harkema, a professor at the Spinal Cord Research Center at the University of Louisville, Kentucky, who led the 11-member team.
"It opens up a huge opportunity to improve the daily functioning of these individuals...but we have a long road ahead."
The work, published online by The Lancet, was carried out on a young volunteer, now aged 25, who had been completely paralysed below the chest after a tragic hit-and-run accident in 2006.
Today, after 26 months of retraining of the leg muscles, followed by the pioneering surgery, the patient can reach a standing position and support his own weight for up to four minutes at a time.
Helped by a harness support and some assistance from a therapist, he can make repeated stepping motions on a treadmill. He can also voluntarily move his toes, ankles, knees and hips on command.
The patient, Rob Summers, said he was ecstatic.
"This procedure has completely changed my life," he said.
"For someone who for four years was unable to even move a toe, to have the freedom and ability to stand on my own is the most amazing feeling."
"To be able to pick up my foot and step down again was unbelievable, but beyond all of that, my sense of wellbeing has changed. My physique and muscle tone has improved greatly, so much that most people don't even believe I am paralysed."
Paralysis comes from damage to the spinal cord down which the brain sends electrical signals along nerve fibres to instruct limb movement.
The research focuses on nerve networks in the lower spine that are relatively autonomous -- they can follow through the commands for weight-bearing and coordinated stepping without input from the brain.
The mechanism works thanks to feedback from nerves in the muscles of the legs and feet that is sent directly to the spinal cord.
It is this sensory input that helps the individual to adjust his balance and speed of movement and level of weight-bearing in response to surfaces and inclines.
"The spinal cord can independently interpret these data and send movement instructions back to the legs -- all without cortical 1/8 cerebral 3/8 involvement," explained Reggie Edgerton, a professor of integrative biology and comparative physiology at the University of California, Los Angeles.
The technique entailed giving Summers 26 months of locomotor training to get his leg muscles used again to the sensation of movement, thus reviving the feedback system.
Surgeons then implanted 16 electrodes in the lumbosacral spinal cord, connecting them to thick nerve bundles that largely control movement of the ankles, hips, knees and toes.
The unit then sends down electrical signals to mimic those sent down the spine by the brain in order to initiate movement.
With Summers, electrostimulation was part of sessions lasting up to 250 minutes.
The success has fired hopes that at least some individuals with spinal paralysis can use a portable stimulation unit to trigger the movements needed to stand up and bear weight.
With the help of a walker, it is hoped, such patients would maintain balance and execute some effective stepping.
There could be even greater secondary benefits, including perhaps the restoration of bladder and sphincter control and sexual response.
But only one person has so far had the treatment, out of five authorised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Summers, while completely paralysed below the chest, was rated a "B" on the US classification of spinal injury, as he did retain some feeling below the spot where the damage occurred.
So it is unknown whether the procedure will work on "A" patients, who have no sensation below the injury. In addition, Summers is young and was extremely fit before his accident.
Drugs are being developed to heighten the sensitivity and function of the spinal cord neural network, which could further enhance the technique.
-AFP/rt
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Taken from ChannelNewsAsia.com; source article is below:
Implant breakthrough helps paraplegic man stand unaided
